When you think of dangerous jobs, you might think of firefighting, piloting, or something more technical, like welding. All of these professions involve heat in some way, but it’s not just these jobs where heat can be a hazard. If you work outdoors, especially in changing climates, your job likely involves heat as well.
You might think that tornadoes, fires, or hurricanes pose the greatest weather-related dangers. However, the biggest weather-related threat to people in the United States is actually extreme heat. Every year, hundreds of people suffer from heat-related illnesses or even die due to working in extreme heat.
Athletes, in particular, need to be cautious of heat-related illnesses. Before they realize what’s happening, they can become dizzy and faint due to exertional heat stroke (EHS).
Heat-Related Illnesses
1. Heat Stroke
Heat stroke occurs when the body’s core temperature rises above 40°C. This extreme temperature increase makes it difficult for the body to regulate itself. Signs of heat stroke include disorientation, confusion, and fainting. Heat stroke can lead to permanent damage, particularly to the brain, heart, or kidneys, and can sometimes be fatal.
2. Exertional Heat Stroke
Exertional heat stroke does not require extremely hot weather to occur. It is most commonly seen in athletes, but people performing physical labour outdoors are also susceptible. This type of heat stroke is caused by the body’s physical exertion.
3. Heat Exhaustion
Heat exhaustion typically precedes heat stroke. Symptoms include excessive sweating, which indicates that the body is still trying to cool itself. However, if not addressed promptly, heat exhaustion can lead to heat stroke. Other symptoms include confusion and extreme fatigue.
4. Heat Cramps
Heat cramps occur when the body is low on electrolytes, leading to cramping in the arms, legs, or stomach. Rest and hydration usually alleviate these symptoms.
How to Stay Safe in Extreme Heat
All heat-related illnesses are preventable. The more informed you are about the risks of heat illnesses while working in extreme heat, the safer you will be. Awareness is the key to preventing heat stroke, heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and other heat-related illnesses.
The best way to avoid heat-related illnesses is to stay out of the heat. However, if you must work in a hot environment, gradually increase your exposure to the heat. Instead of working a full eight-hour day in the sun immediately, spend time acclimatizing to the heat until you can safely work for extended periods. Many on-the-job illnesses occur because workers haven’t allowed their bodies time to adjust to the conditions.
It’s crucial to stay hydrated. Drink water every fifteen minutes when working in extreme heat, even if you’re not thirsty. Hydration is essential to prevent dehydration, which can lead to heat-related illnesses.
Always plan ahead when working in hot environments. If you or your company need assistance with creating a safety plan, F.A.S.T. Rescue offers courses that can help you work safely in the heat without succumbing to heat-related illnesses.
